In this article, we are sharing with you some mnemonics so that you can remember some points easily. The venous drainage of the upper limb is composed of superficial and deep vessels. Anatomy of nerve entrapment sites in the upper quarter. An understanding of the origin of the sympathetic innervation of the upper limb is important in surgical sympathectomy procedures. Summary of the nerve supply of upper extremity youtube. The motor and sensory supply of the upper limb is provided by the brachial plexus which is formed by the ventral rami of spinal nerves c5t1. The axillary artery is the direct continuation of the subclavian artery distal to the inferior border of the first rib. Muscles of the lower limb iliacus part of iliopsoas origin. The principles of the upper limb anatomy are an important topic in your medical studies. If you continue to use this site we will assume that you are happy with it. Human hands are quite special in their anatomy, which allows us to be so dextrous and relies on muscles of the upper limb to help move it through space. Pathology medicine notes for mbbsstudents for aspirants who preparing for neetpg, dnb cet, aiims and other medical exams.
We will also discuss the clinical relevance of the upper limb. Due to his regular use of various modern learning tools, he was awarded the title of most innovative teacher of the. This chapter describes the nerves of the upper limb. The upper limb or upper extremity is the region in humans or vertebrates extending from the deltoid region which includes the hand, arm, axilla and the shoulder. Medical cord m4u medial pectoral nerve,medial cutaneous n. It originates from nerve roots c5 to t1 and, as it passes through the. Unlike the lower limb, which is used for support, stability, and locomotion, the upper limb is designed to be flexible. Groups of nodes are found in the cubital fossa and in the axilla. Nerve supply to the upper limb anatomy geeky medics. Muscle name origin insertion action innervation muscles of upper extremity pectoralis major medial half of clavicle, front of sternum, costal cartilage crest of greater tubercle lateral lip of bicipital groove horizontally adduct, medially rotate at shoulder medical and lateral pectoral. The courses of nerves and vessels in the upper limb. The soleus located in the superficial posterior compartment of the leg and it is a powerful muscle in the back part of the leg.
Dec 17, 2018 pdf the dorsal scapular nerve dsn is a motor nerve arising from the ventral ramus of the c5 nerve root. Peripheral nerves of the upper extremity orthopaedicsone. The nerve supply to the upper limb is commonly damaged by fractures, penetrating trauma and external compression. These further divide into proper palmer digital nerves supply. The brachial plexus is also vulnerable to pressure in the axilla. James pickering will introduce you to upper limb anatomy. The subclavian artery becomes the axillary artery after crossing the ribthe axillary artery b. At the lower part of the axilla, the three cords split into the five terminal branches which enter the arm figure 7. Muscle name origin insertion action innervation muscles of. Erbduchenne palsy caused by an increased angle between neck and shoulder, eg. Another nerve of the upper limb is the musculocutaneous nerve, it contains nerve fibres from roots c5 to c7 and supplies the muscles of the anterior compartment of the upper arm. Blood supply, venous drainage, surface anatomy and nerve supply to upper limb and nerve injuries of upper limb upper extremity anatomy arteries, veins, muscles. Clavicle pectoralis fascia the only contents is pectoralis major. It also has a sensory branch which supplies the lateral aspect of the forearm.
Pdf anatomy, shoulder and upper limb, dorsal scapular nerve. By looking at all of the upper limbs components separately we can appreciate and compartmentalize the information, then later view the upper limb as a whole and understand how all of its parts work in unison. Pectoralis fascia continue inferiorly as fascia of the anterior abdominal wall. The anterior branches of the spinal nerves in the lower cervical region leave the spinal cord at the level of the lower part of the neck. Upper a limb muscles movement nerve supply anatomy2medicine.
An inconstant intrathoracic ramus which joined the 2nd intercostal nerve to the ventral ramus of the 1st thoracic nerve. Most modern sources distinguish the superior and inferior, but some still include a single lateral brachial cutaneous nerve. Modern texts are in agreement about which areas of the skin are served by which nerves, but there are minor variations in some of the details. This plexus is made by the merging of the anterior rami from the lower four cervical nerves and the first thoracic nerve c5t1. The cephalic vein begins at the radial extremity of the arch. Request pdf lower limb nerve supply the chapter provides a detailed analysis of all of the key nerves of the lower limb. Nerve supply of the upper limb musculoskeletal key. I have covered the brachial plexus itself in more detail in a separate article here. And here you upper a limb muscles movement nerve supply disorders study material s of medical md entrance exams. Medial branch divides into two common palmer digital nerves. They link up together forming the brachial plexus, which travels through the axilla to supply the arm. Deep peroneal nerve is a nerve that is found in anterior compartment of leg and dorsum of the foot. Thoracic origin of a sympathetic supply to the upper limb.
The plexus is anatomically divided into roots, trunks, divisions, cords and finally, the terminal branches. It originates from nerve roots c5 to t1 and, as it passes through the axilla, merges the nerve fibres from these roots into different nerve branches. The medial and lateral cords terminate in the flexor nerves of the upper limb. Introduction upper limb function depends on five roots of origin of spinal nerves in the neck. Muscle origin insertion action innervation artery notes. D chaurasias human anatomy for upper limb, lower limb, thorax and abdomen. Upper extremity anatomy arteries, veins, muscles free. Muscles moving thigh anterior muscles of the lower limb. You may not embed one of our images on your web page without a link back to our site. A thorough understanding of upper limb anatomy is absolutely essential if you want to succeed in a neurological examination osce station. If all of the roots are involved, upper limb function is lost.
The major function of the upper limb is to position the hand in space for use as a mechanical and sensory tool. At the junction of the upper 23rd and lower rd of the leg, it pierces the deep fascia, and shortly divides up into a medial and a lateral terminal branch which reaches the dorsum of the foot. Useful for students of mbbs, bds, bpt and allied health sciences. It covers from just below the knee to the heel, and is committed to standing. Intercostobrachial nerve purple medial cutaneous nerve of arm yellow labeled as medial brachial. An inconstant intrathoracic ramus which joined the 2nd intercostal nerve to the ventral ramus of the 1st thoracic nerve, proximal to the point where the latter gave a large branch to the brachial plexus, has become known as the nerve of kuntz kuntz, 1927. Muscles, innervation and the compartments of the upper limb organized in an unintentionally difficult manner fascia and compartments of the shoulder minor.
Introduction to the upper limb add, remove and highlight groups of structures with the systems, regions and tissues tabs drag the reference plane in the dissection area by its blue border to the middle of the arm the cross sections are numbered in the lower left corner, you should be close to 484. Blood supply, venous drainage, surface anatomy and nerve. Inferior lateral cutaneous nerve of arm near blue axillary area, but actually branches from radial nerve. Muscles responsible for abduction at shoulder joint. Lymph from the upper limb drains into lymphatic vessels travelling with both deep and superficial veins.
In the posterior triangle of the neck these rami form three trunks from which fibers enter the axilla region armpit to innervate the muscles of the anterior and posterior compartments of the limb. A dermatome is an area of skin which is chiefly supplied by a single spinal nerve. The upper limb is supplied by a nervous network called the brachial plexus. There are 8 cervical nerves c1 denoting an anomaly with no dermatome, 12 thoracic nervest1t12, 5 lumbar nervesl1l5 and 5 sacral nervess1s5. Neurological assessment of the distal upper extremity. Muscles lower limb upper limb and lower limb and thorex assessment of upper limb upper limb anatomy musles of upper limb mnemonic upper limb anatomy mnemonics upper limb. Fascia and compartments of the shoulder pectoralis fascia. It is best studied broken down into its components. Nerves of the upper limb an overview sciencedirect topics. Satyapal department of anatomy, school of basic and applied medical sciences, university of durbanwestville. Upper limb muscles muscles of the upper limb upper limb muscles anatomy upper limb muscles origin and insertion pdf b. Posterior upper limb trudy van houten, september 1, 2010 page 30.
Pickering is a professor of anatomy and has written various publications in the field. Where possible, the sites of entrapment are illustrated in cadaveric photographs. Muscles stabilizing pectoral girdle muscles of the upper limb. The brachial plexus is a collection of nerve fibres that supply motor and sensory innervation to the upper limb. Pdf the dorsal scapular nerve dsn is a motor nerve arising from the ventral ramus of the c5 nerve root. Sep 19, 2010 medical cord m4u medial pectoral nerve,medial cutaneous n. Quenu and lejars, the blood supply to the large peripheral nerves of the upper limb in man.
Anatomy, shoulder and upper limb, cutaneous innervation ncbi. If you would like a large, unwatermarked image for your web page or blog, please purchase the appropriate license. The blood supply and nerve supply of the upper extremity. The superficial veins starts on the back of the hand as a dorsal arch. The anatomy of the upper limb is difficult to remember like the rest of anatomy. Muscles forming musculotendinous cuffrotator cuff and their nerve supply. Aug 08, 2018 at the junction of the upper 23rd and lower rd of the leg, it pierces the deep fascia, and shortly divides up into a medial and a lateral terminal branch which reaches the dorsum of the foot. Cutaneous innervation of the upper limb the patterns of cutaneous sensory nerve distribution o the clavicle is an sshaped long bone, which forms part of the pectoral girdle. Nov 26, 2017 this video provides an overview of the nerve supply of the upper extremity. Muscles of anteriorflexor compartment of arm and their nerve supply muscles supplied by musculocutaneous nerve.
The medial, intermediate, and lateral supraclavicular nerves from the cervical plexus supply the dermatomal distribution to. Cutaneous innervation of the shoulder and upper limb comes from multiple peripheral nerves originating from cervical and thoracic nerve. Neurological assessment of the distal upper extremity median nervesensory. Summary of the nerve supply of upper extremity easy anatomy. Structures attached to coracoid process of scap ula. Jul 24, 2016 there, five nerves emerge and pass down the limb to supply all of the structures in the arm, forearm and hand. Extremities developed from limb buds in the body wall. We use cookies to ensure that we give you the best experience on our website. If you would like a large, unwatermarked image for your web page or.
Jan 23, 2012 the blood supply and nerve supply of the upper extremity. The purpose of the current study is to provide a comprehensive analysis of the nerve anatomy of the upper extremity to include innervation. These spinal roots branch and join in a complex manner forming the brachial plexus, which passes over the first rib and under the clavicle to reach the axilla. Traction injuries to the upper limb can tear the roots from the spinal cord. Its bones, muscles, nerves, joints, blood vessels and lymphatics, anatomical areas, and structures found in the hand. Nerve supply of the upper limb study guide by pww0023 includes 43 questions covering vocabulary, terms and more. The hand is a very mobile part of the upper limb, and we perform very specialised tasks with it every day, key adaptations can be seen in the specialised structures of the hand. Cutaneous innervation refers to the area of the skin which is supplied by a specific nerve. Quizlet flashcards, activities and games help you improve your grades. The upper limb upper extremity is truly a complex part of human anatomy. In each case, the nerves course is described and the anatomical details of the entrapment points described.
The courses of nerves and vessels in the upper limb structure of the brachial plexus, and the consequences of injuries thereto medial pectoral nerve injuries of the brachial plexus. The posterior cord terminates in the posterior extensor nerve of the upper limb. The hand manual region is the terminal end and focus of the upper limb. Pdf anatomy, shoulder and upper limb, cutaneous innervation. The nerve supply to the upper limb is almost entirely supplied by the brachial plexus. There are 6 topics covered in the nerves of the upper limb, an overview of the brachial plexus and a more indepth look into its 5 main branches. They are connected to the superficial system by perforating veins.